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2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 79(5): 466-475, nov. 2002. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-325517

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE - Analyze the dromotropic disturbances (vector-electrocardiographic), and the possible anatomic causes, provoked by selective alcohol injection in the septal branch, for percutaneous treatment, of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS - Ten patients with a mean age of 52.7 years underwent percutaneous septal ablation (PTSA) from october 1998; all in functional class III/IV). Twelve-lead electrocardiogram was performed prior to and during PTSA, and later electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram according to Frank's method. The patients were followed up for 32 months. RESULTS - On electrocardiogram (ECG) prior to PTSA all patients had sinus rhythm and left atrial enlargement, 8 left ventricular hypertrophy of systolic pattern. On ECG immediately after PTSA, 8 had complete right bundle-branch block; 1 transient total atrioventricular block; 1 alternating transient bundle-branch block either right or hemiblock. On late ECG 8 had complete right bundle-branch block confirmed by vectorcardiogram, type 1 or Grishman. CONCLUSION - Septal fibrosis following alcohol injection caused a predominance of complete right bundle-branch block, different from surgery of myotomy/myectomy


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Vectorcardiography , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic , Bundle-Branch Block , Catheter Ablation , Ethanol , Heart Septum , Postoperative Period , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic , Fibrosis , Bundle-Branch Block , Ethanol , Heart Septum
3.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 10(1): 119-29, jan.-fev. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-266123

ABSTRACT

Além de corrigir a frequência cardíaca, a estimulaçäo cardíaca moderna tem aplicaçäo bem definida no tratamento de miocardiopatia dilatada com insuficiência cardíaca na ausência de bradiarritmia. O objetivo maior é recuperar o sincronismo mecânico das câmaras cardíacas e do miocárdio ventricular - sincronismo atrioventricular, interatrial, intraventricular ou interventricular -, prejudicado por algum tipo de retardo na conduçäo. Em portadores de bloqueio atrioventricular, o sincronismo atrioventricular pode aumentar em 15 'por cento' a 20 'por cento' o débito cardíaco; entretanto, há controvérsias quanto a indicaçäo da estimulaçäo com intervalo atrioventricular curto sem bloqueio-atrioventricular. Por outro lado, quando existe importante retardo na conduçäo interatrial, a estimulaçäo biatrial (ressincronizaçäo interatrial), além de melhorar a hemodinâmica, reduz significativamente a incidência de fibrilaçäo atrial. Na insuficiência cardíaca, mesmo sem bradicardia, a estimulaçäo ventricular está indicada quando existe QRS largo (bloqueio completo de ramo esquerdo ou marcapasso endocárdico). Nesses casos a estimulaçäo bioventricular (um eletrodo no ventriculo direito e outro no ventriculo esquerdo pelo seio coronário ou epicárdico) pode aumentar o débito cardíaco em até 25 'por cento' sendo sua indicaçäo plenamente estabelecida e aceita. Entretanto, ultimamente, temos observado que a estimulaçäo endocárdica ventricular direita bifocal, com um eletrodo na ponta e outro no septo alto (ressincronizaçäo intraventricular), também pode aumentar o débito cardíaco em 15 'por cento' a 25 'por cento', com importante reduçäo do refluxo mitral e da area do atrio-esquerdo, sem o incoveniente da toracotomia ou da estimulaçäo pelo seio coronário. Diante disso, nos próximos anos, certamemte, teremos grandes avanços nos eletrodos e geradores, permitindo que a estimulaçäo cardíaca "multissitio" venha a ser amplamente utilizada, tanto no tratamento como na prevençäo da insuficiência cardíaca.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pacemaker, Artificial , Heart Rate , Heart Failure/surgery , Heart Block
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 73(6): 485-98, Dec. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-262243

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe a new more efficient method of endocardial cardiac stimulation, which produces a narrower QRS without using the coronary sinus or cardiac veins. METHODS: We studied 5 patients with severe dilated cardiomyopathy, chronic atrial fibrillation and AV block, who underwent definitive endocardial pacemaker implantation, with 2 leads, in the RV, one in the apex and the other in the interventricular septum (sub pulmonary), connected, respectively, to ventricular and atrial bicameral pacemaker outputs. Using Doppler echocardiography, we compared, in the same patient, conventional (VVI), high septal ("AAI") and bifocal ("DDT" with AV interval @ 0) stimulation. RESULTS: The RV bifocal stimulation had the best results with an increase in ejection fraction and cardiac output and reduction in QRS duration, mitral regurgitation and in the left atrium area (p < or = 0.01). The conventional method of stimulation showed the worst result. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that, when left ventricular stimulation is not possible, right ventricular bifocal stimulation should be used in patients with severe cardiomyopathy where a pacemaker is indicated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/therapy , Pacemaker, Artificial , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated , Chronic Disease , Electrodes, Implanted , Heart Block/therapy , Heart Ventricles , Mitral Valve Insufficiency , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/therapy
5.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 55(1): 19-25, jul. 1990. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-87997

ABSTRACT

Estudo de aspectos Doppler-ecocardiográficos em portadores de endocardite infecciosa (EI) e sua correlaçäo com prognóstico e evoluçäo. Cento e oito pacientes com suspeita de EI a fim de determinar se a presença de vegetaçäo (veg), tamanho, moblidade e local e acometimento identificam, por si só, grupos de alto risco. O diagnóstico se fez presente em 93,9% dos pacientes com EI do lado direito do coraçäo e em 77,3% daqueles com EI do lado esquerdo. Pacientes com (84,2%) e sem (15,8%) veg näo apresentaram diferença significativa na incidência de complicaçöes (embolias, ICC e óbito), o mesmo acontecendo em relaçäo ao tamanho. Pacientes com veg aórtica (Ao) apresentaram maior incidência de ICC (Ao 53,8 x Mitral (MI) 31,0% x Tricúspide (Tric0 3,7%), necessidade de cirurgia (Ao 69,2%) x Mi 34,5% x Tric 3,7%) e óbito (Ao 30,7% x Mi 13,7% x Tric 7,4%). Fenômenos embólicos foram observados em 81,4% dos pacientes com veg em Tric. Oito pacientes apresentaram EI em prótese Ao, com tratamento cirúrgico em 5 (62,5%) e óbito em 2 (25%) enquanto dentre os 12 com EI em prótese Mi, 7 (58,3%) necessitaram de cirurgia e 3 (25%) foram a óbito. Derrame pericárdico foi constatado em 51 pacientes (47,2%), ruptura de cordoalha em 14 (12,9%) e abcesso para-valvar em 6 (5,5%), os portadores deste encaminhados á cirurgia. A Doppler-ecocardiografia constitui-se método de excelência na confirmaçäo diagnóstica da EI e os aspectos por ela determinados relacionam-se, por vezes, com o prognóstico e a evoluçäo


Purpose: To study of the Doppler-echocardiographic aspects in patients with IE and its correlation with the prognosis and evolution. Patients and Methods: One hundred and eight patients with clinical of IE were prospectively studied by Doppler-echocardiography (D-E) in order to determine whether the simple presence of vegetation, its size, mobility and place of attachment could identify high risk groups. Vegetations were classified according to its size (longest axis) into small (veg < 5 mm), medium (5 mm < veg < 10 mm) and large (veg < 10 mm); according to its kind into sessible or mobile and according to its appearance into cotton like or calcifzed. Results:Patients with (84.2%) and without (15.8%) vegetations didn’t show any significant difference in the complications incidence (emboli, heart failure or death) and the same happened with its size. However, patients with aortic positioned vegetations showed ligher incidence of HF (Aortic 53.8 x Mitral 31.0% x Tricuspid 3.7%) need for surgery (Aortic 69.2% x Mitral 34.5% x Tricuspid 3.7%) and death (Aortic 30.7% x Mitral 13.7% x Tricuspid 7.4%). Emboli were observed in 81.4% of the patients with tricuspid valve vegetations. Eight patients showed IE on aortic prothesis. Five of them needed surgical treatment and 2 of them died. Among 12 patients with IE on mitral prothesis, 7 needed surgery and 3 died. Pericardial effusion were verified in 51 patients (47.2%), chordal rupture in 14 (12.8%) and valve abcess in 6 (5.5%). All patients with valve abcess were submitted to surgery. Conclusion: Doppler-echocardiography is an excellent method in the diagnosis of IE and its aspects may have, sometimes, a positive correlation with the prognosis and patient’s evolution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Echocardiography, Doppler , Endocarditis, Bacterial , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Evaluation Study , Endocarditis, Bacterial/complications , Heart Failure/etiology , Heart Valve Diseases/etiology , Prognosis
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